Nondominium - A Coordination Layer for Parallel Infrastructure

Executive Summary

Critical infrastructure no longer behaves like a set of separate sectors. Energy, communications, finance, transport, manufacturing, supply chains, water, and public governance now operate as a tightly coupled system of systems. Failures in one layer increasingly propagate into the others, turning local disturbances into systemic shocks (Buldyrev et al., 2010; Helbing, 2013; CISA, 2025; DOE, 2023).

This is not a small market problem. Global supply chains alone account for over $10 trillion in annual intermediate goods trade, while infrastructure investment requirements exceed $3.3 trillion annually and rise toward $7 trillion when climate-adjusted needs are included (McKinsey, 2020; Woetzel et al., 2016; OECD, 2017). Yet recent evidence suggests that the binding constraint is often not capital itself, but coordination: the ability to govern interdependent assets, actors, and processes across fragmented institutional boundaries (World Bank, 2020).